thought blocking scaled
Written by: THE BALANCE
Medically reviewed by Dr. Sarah Boss, MD
Last updated: January 19, 2026
Fact checked
Quick Summary
  • Have you ever had a moment where you are trying to express your thoughts, but suddenly your mind goes blank?
  • Let's take a closer look at what thought blocking is, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, and also provide practical tips for managing it yourself.
  • Thought blocking is a sudden interruption in the flow of thoughts, which can occur during conversations or when trying to express oneself.
Reading time: 10 min

Have you ever had a moment where you are trying to express your thoughts, but suddenly your mind goes blank? This phenomenon is known as “thought blocking.” It is estimated that up to 90% of people experience occasional thought blocking, which is a common symptom of several mental health conditions, including schizophrenia and depression. 

For those living with these disorders, thought blocking can be a debilitating and distressing experience. Let’s take a closer look at what thought blocking is, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options, and also provide practical tips for managing it yourself.

Thought blocking is a sudden interruption in the flow of thoughts, which can occur during conversations or when trying to express oneself. The person may suddenly stop speaking mid-sentence or remain silent for an extended period. They may also struggle to find the right words to express themselves. The experience can be distressing for the person, as they are unable to articulate their thoughts and ideas [1].

What Is Thought Blocking In Schizophrenia

Thought blocking is a common symptom of schizophrenia, a severe mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. In schizophrenia, thought blocking occurs when a person’s thoughts are suddenly interrupted, and they are unable to continue with their train of thought. This interruption can last for several seconds to minutes and can occur repeatedly [1].

Mechanism Of Thought Blocking

The exact mechanism of thought blocking is not fully understood. However, research suggests that it may be due to an interruption in the neural circuitry of the brain that controls language and thought processes. 

The interruption may occur due to a lack of connectivity between the various brain regions that are responsible for language processing, including the prefrontal cortex and the temporal lobe. This lack of connectivity can result in a disruption in the flow of thoughts and language [3].

Types Of Thought Blocking

There are two main types of thought blocking: subjective and objective thought blocking. 

Subjective thought blocking occurs when a person feels as though their thoughts are being blocked or interrupted. They may feel as though their mind has gone blank or that they cannot express themselves correctly. 

Objective thought blocking, on the other hand, is when an observer notices that the person has stopped speaking or cannot continue with their train of thought [4].

Risk Factors For Thought Blocking

Several factors can increase the risk of thought blocking, including:

Mental health conditions: Thought blocking is a common symptom of various mental health conditions, including schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety.

Stress: High levels of stress can affect the brain’s ability to process information and can increase the risk of thought blocking.

Substance abuse: Substance abuse can affect the brain’s ability to process information and can lead to thought blocking.

Medications: Some medications used to treat mental health conditions can cause thought blocking as a side effect [5].

While the exact causes of thought blocking are not fully understood, research has identified several factors that can contribute to this phenomenon. Let’s take a closer look at ten causes of thought blocking.

Schizophrenia [1]: Thought blocking is a common symptom of schizophrenia, a severe mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. In schizophrenia, thought blocking occurs when a person’s thoughts are suddenly interrupted, and they are unable to continue with their train of thought.

Anxiety and Depression [2]: Anxiety and depression can cause thought blocking, particularly during moments of high stress. People with thought-blocking anxiety may experience racing thoughts that suddenly stop, while those with thought-blocking depression may struggle to find the motivation to continue with their thoughts.

Trauma [2]: Trauma can cause thought blocking, particularly in people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma can interrupt the brain’s ability to process information, leading to thought blocking.

Psychosis: Thought blocking is commonly associated with psychosis, which is a mental health condition characterized by a break from reality. Thought-blocking psychosis may occur due to difficulty processing thoughts, or it may be a result of the mind being overwhelmed with disorganized or racing thoughts.

Substance Abuse [3]: Substance abuse can cause thought blocking, particularly in people who abuse drugs or alcohol. Substance abuse can affect the brain’s ability to process information, leading to thought blocking.

Medications [4]: Some medications used to treat mental health conditions can cause thought blocking as a side effect. For example, antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia can cause thought-blocking in some people.

Fatigue [5]: Fatigue can cause thought blocking, particularly in people who are sleep-deprived or experiencing chronic fatigue. When the brain is tired, it can struggle to process information, leading to thought blocking.

Brain Injury [3]: Brain injuries, such as concussions, can cause thought blocking. Brain injuries can interrupt the brain’s ability to process information, leading to thought blocking.

Overstimulation [5]: Overstimulation can cause thought blocking, particularly in people who are sensitive to their environment. When the brain is overwhelmed by stimuli, it can struggle to process information, leading to thought blocking.

Lack of Confidence [2]: Lack of confidence can cause thought blocking, particularly in people who struggle with self-esteem. When a person lacks confidence in their ability to express themselves, they may struggle to continue with their train of thought.

Thought blocking can be difficult to diagnose because it is a symptom that is usually reported by the patient rather than observed by a healthcare provider. However, some diagnostic criteria can be used to identify thought blocking.

Clinical Assessment

The diagnosis of thought blocking is usually made by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. The clinician will typically perform a clinical assessment that includes a thorough medical and psychiatric history, as well as a physical exam. They will also use various clinical tools, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) [1], to help diagnose the underlying condition that is causing the thought blocking.

Interview and Observation

The clinician will interview the patient to gather information about their experiences of thought blocking. They will ask the patient about the frequency, duration, and severity of the thought blocking, as well as any associated symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech. The clinician may also observe the patient’s behavior, speech patterns, and overall presentation to look for signs of thought blocking.

Psychological Testing

In some cases, the clinician may use psychological testing to assess the patient’s cognitive functioning and to rule out other conditions that may be causing the thought blocking. These tests may include measures of memory, attention, and executive functioning [2].

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans, are not typically used to diagnose thought blocking. However, these tests may be ordered to rule out other medical conditions that may be causing the symptoms.

In summary, the diagnosis of thought blocking involves a comprehensive clinical assessment, including an interview and observation of the patient, psychological testing, and ruling out other medical conditions. If you or someone you know is experiencing thought blocking, it is important to seek help from a mental health professional who can provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Treatment for thought blocking may depend on the underlying condition causing the symptom. Here are some potential treatment options:

Medications

Antipsychotic medications may be prescribed to treat thought blocking that occurs as a symptom of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders. These medications can help to reduce symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, which can, in turn, improve thought processes and communication [1].

Therapy

Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, may help individuals with thought-blocking learn to recognize and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that contribute to their symptoms. Therapists may also work on improving communication and social skills to help individuals better connect with others [2].

Stress reduction techniques

Reducing stress and anxiety can help manage thought blocking. Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation can be effective in reducing stress levels and promoting relaxation [5].

Creative therapies

Creative therapies such as art therapy, music therapy, or dance therapy may be beneficial for individuals with thought blocking. These therapies can provide a creative outlet for individuals to express themselves and communicate their thoughts and emotions in different ways [6].

Environmental modifications

Modifying the environment can also help reduce thought blocking. For example, minimizing distractions in the environment, creating a structured routine, and using reminders or cue cards can be effective in improving communication and reducing stress [4].

Memory blocks can be frustrating and hinder daily functioning, but several techniques and strategies can help overcome them. Here are some tips to overcome memory block:

Relaxation Techniques

Stress and anxiety can lead to memory blocks. Relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help alleviate stress and anxiety, which may help reduce memory blocks [4].

Mnemonic Devices

Mnemonic devices are memory aids that help to retain information. They can be acronyms, rhymes, or other memory techniques that make information easier to remember. Mnemonics can be particularly useful for remembering lists, names, or numbers [5].

Visualization

Visualization is a powerful memory tool. It involves creating an image in your mind associated with the information you are trying to remember. For example, if you are trying to remember a list of items, you can visualize each item in a unique and memorable way. This technique can make the information more memorable [5].

Repetition

Repetition is one of the most effective ways to remember something. Repeating information several times can help it stick in your memory. You can repeat the information out loud or write it down multiple times [6].

Chunking

Chunking is the process of breaking up large amounts of information into smaller, more manageable chunks. For example, instead of trying to memorize a long number like 8675309, you can break it down into three chunks, 867, 53, and 09, making it easier to remember [5].

Association

Associating new information with something you already know can help you remember it. For instance, if you meet someone named John and you already know someone else with that name, you can associate the two Johns to remember the new person’s name [4].

Get Adequate Sleep

Getting enough sleep is crucial for memory retention. During sleep, the brain processes and consolidates memories. Lack of sleep can lead to memory difficulties, so make sure to get adequate rest [5].

Stay Organized

Staying organized can help reduce memory blocks. Keeping a calendar or planner can help you remember important dates and events. Writing down to-do lists can also help you remember tasks you need to complete [4].

Stay Focused

Distractions can interfere with memory retrieval. When you need to remember something, try to minimize distractions. Find a quiet place to study or work, turn off your phone, and focus solely on the task at hand [5].

Exercise

Physical exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function and memory. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which can improve memory retention [5].

Thought blocking can be a distressing symptom that affects individuals with various mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety disorders. This experience can significantly impact a person’s quality of life, making it challenging to carry out daily activities or socialize with others. 

While the exact causes of thought blocking are still unknown, several factors such as stress, trauma, and medications can contribute to its development. Fortunately, there are various treatment options available, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications, and mindfulness practices that can help individuals manage their symptoms effectively. 

Seeking professional help and support from loved ones can also be beneficial in overcoming thought blocking. With proper treatment and care, individuals experiencing thought blocking can take control of their lives, reduce their symptoms, and improve their overall well-being.

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